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Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children Tom Jefferson, Alessandro Rivetti, Carlo Di Pietrantonj, Vittorio Demicheli Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Online Publication Date: February 2018 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004879.pub5 |
Authors' conclusions In children aged between 3 and 16 years, live influenza vaccines probably reduce influenza (moderate-certainty evidence) and may reduce ILI (low-certainty evidence) over a single influenza season. In this population inactivated vaccines also reduce influenza (high-certainty evidence) and may reduce ILI (low-certainty evidence). For both vaccine types, the absolute reduction in influenza and ILI varied considerably across the study populations, making it difficult to predict how these findings translate to different settings. We found very few randomised controlled trials in children under two years of age. Adverse event data were not well described in the available studies. Standardised approaches to the definition, ascertainment, and reporting of adverse events are needed. Identification of all global cases of potential harms is beyond the scope of this review. |
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Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults Vittorio Demicheli, Tom Jefferson, Eliana Ferroni, Alessandro Rivetti, Carlo Di Pietrantonj Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.Online Publication Date: February 2018 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001269.pub6 |
Authors' conclusions Healthy adults who receive inactivated parenteral influenza vaccine rather than no vaccine probably experience less influenza, from just over 2% to just under 1% (moderate-certainty evidence). They also probably experience less ILI following vaccination, but the degree of benefit when expressed in absolute terms varied across different settings. Variation in protection against ILI may be due in part to inconsistent symptom classification. Certainty of evidence for the small reductions in hospitalisations and time off work is low. Protection against influenza and ILI in mothers and newborns was smaller than the effects seen in other populations considered in this review. Vaccines increase the risk of a number of adverse events, including a small increase in fever, but rates of nausea and vomiting are uncertain. The protective effect of vaccination in pregnant women and newborns is also very modest. We did not find any evidence of an association between influenza vaccination and serious adverse events in the comparative studies considered in this review. Fifteen included RCTs were industry funded (29%). |
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Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly Vittorio Demicheli, Tom Jefferson, Carlo Di Pietrantonj, Eliana Ferroni, Sarah Thorning, Roger E Thomas, Alessandro Rivetti Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Online Publication Date: February 2018 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004876.pub4 |
Authors' conclusions Older adults receiving the influenza vaccine may have a lower risk of influenza (from 6% to 2.4%), and probably have a lower risk of ILI compared with those who do not receive a vaccination over the course of a single influenza season (from 6% to 3.5%). We are uncertain how big a difference these vaccines will make across different seasons. Very few deaths occurred, and no data on hospitalisation were reported. No cases of pneumonia occurred in one study that reported this outcome. We do not have enough information to assess harms relating to fever and nausea in this population. The evidence for a lower risk of influenza and ILI with vaccination is limited by biases in the design or conduct of the studies. Lack of detail regarding the methods used to confirm the diagnosis of influenza limits the applicability of this result. The available evidence relating to complications is of poor quality, insufficient, or old and provides no clear guidance for public health regarding the safety, efficacy, or effectiveness of influenza vaccines for people aged 65 years or older. Society should invest in research on a new generation of influenza vaccines for the elderly. |
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Influenza vaccines in immunosuppressed adults with cancer Roni Bitterman, Noa Eliakim‐Raz, Inbal Vinograd, Anca Zalmanovici Trestioreanu, Leonard Leibovici, Mical Paul Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Online Publication Date: February 2018 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008983.pub3 |
Authors' conclusions Observational data suggest lower mortality and infection-related outcomes with influenza vaccination. The strength of evidence is limited by the small number of studies and low grade of evidence. It seems that the evidence, although weak, shows that the benefits overweigh the potential risks when vaccinating adults with cancer against influenza. However, additional placebo or no-treatment controlled RCTs of influenza vaccination among adults with cancer is ethically questionable.There is no conclusive evidence regarding the use of adjuvanted versus non-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in this population. |
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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Reduces Incident Frailty Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Kojima G, Avgerinou C, Iliffe S and Walters K. Jounal of American Geriatric Society, version online: 11 JAN 2018 | DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15251
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leggi anche l'articolo sullo studio Invecchiare in Chianti: Invecchiare in Chianti: A higher adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet is inversely associated with the development of frailty in community-dwelling elderly men and women. Talegawkar SA, Bandinelli S, Bandeen-Roche K, Chen P, Milaneschi Y, Tanaka T, Semba RD, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. J Nutr. 2012 Dec;142(12):2161-6 |
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Cancer risk associated with chronic diseases and disease markers Tu H, Wen CP, Tsai SP, Chow WH, Wen C, Ye Y, Zhao H, Tsai MK, Huang M, Dinney CP, Tsao CK, Wu X BMJ 2018;360:k134 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k134 OPEN ACCESS |
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Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: Systematic review and meta-analysis Keag OE, Norman JE, Stock SJ. PLoS Med. 2018 Jan 23;15(1):e1002494. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002494. eCollection 2018 Jan OPEN ACCESS |
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Consensus statement by the American Association of clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm – 2018 executive summary Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ,Barzilay JI, et al. Endocrine Practice: January 2018, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 91-120 OPEN ACCESS |
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leggi e scarica le slide di presentazione dell'algoritmo |